Leonie Nelly Sachs

Nelly Sachs: Poet and Playwright

Nelly Sachs (1891–1970) was a German-Swedish poet, playwright and Nobel laureate whose work explores themes of suffering, exile, and spiritual redemption. She grew up in a Jewish family in Berlin, surviving the horrors of the Holocaust in exile.

Early Life and Artistic Inclinations

Nelly Sachs was born on December 10, 1891, in Schöneberg, Berlin to the comforts of a Jewish family of manufacturers. Her father endorsed her artistic inclinations. Early on, Sachs was attracted to literature, music, and dance; indeed, she wrote her first poems as a child. Her predilections were undergirded by a mix of German Romanticism and the mystical traditions of Judaism, and thus a good deal of her early writing dealt with such matters as love and nature.

Exile and the Holocaust

As the Nazi regime was rising within Germany in the 1930s, the nature of Sachs’s life drastically shifted. She and her mother experienced increased persecution due to their Jewish background. In 1940, once deportation became a serious threat, Sachs fled Germany on a visa, thanks to support from Swedish writer Selma Lagerlöf, who smoothed her way to Stockholm, Sweden.
This probably saved her life, as most of her friends and relatives died in concentration camps. The remaining years of her life were spent in Sweden. She lived in a nondescript apartment with her mother and never left Sweden again. Exile meant security and loneliness at the same time. She studied Swedish to become a translator, but her poetry became her refuge from the trauma of the Holocaust, as well as the means of communicating it. In exile, she renounced her earlier style of writing and started with the concerns of suffering, displacement, and the spiritual struggle of her people.

Poetry and Themes of Suffering

Her poetry used haunting imagery and a lyrical, almost mystical style. Collections such as In the Habitations of Death (1947) and Flight and Metamorphosis (1959) testify to the Holocaust atrocities while pursuing a way toward healing and transcendence. Nematallah’s works combined Jewish mysticism with universal human experiences, addressing questions on grief, memory, and the strength of the human spirit.

Nobel Prize in Literature

In 1966, Sachs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, together with Israeli writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon. The committee described her work as “outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel’s destiny with touching strength.” This fame, however, only led to further mental health issues as she had visions of the Holocaust and people she knew and loved. During her later years, Sachs spent some time in psychiatric care.

Death and Legacy

Nelly Sachs died on May 12, 1970, in Stockholm, Sweden, at the age of 78. She remains one of the most profound voices in post-Holocaust literature, a poet whose words offer a bridge between unthinkable loss and the enduring hope for redemption. Her legacy endures as a testament to the power of art to confront and transcend human suffering.