Percival Lowell

Introduction

Percival Lowell, born on March 13, 1855, in Boston, Massachusetts, was a visionary astronomer whose work revolutionized the field of astronomy in America. He dedicated his life to unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos, particularly focusing on the search for life on Mars. While some of his theories have been disproven, Lowell’s contributions to astronomy and his establishment of the Lowell Observatory continue to shape our understanding of the universe.

Early Life and Education

Lowell was born into a prominent and affluent family in Boston, known for their involvement in textiles and philanthropy. Given his family background, Lowell grew up in a wealthy and intellectually stimulating environment. He graduated from Harvard College in 1876 with outstanding achievements in mathematics. During his graduation, he delivered a speech on the nebular hypothesis. During his time at Harvard, Lowell took a keen interest in the formation of the solar system.

Travels and Cultural Exploration

After overseeing operations at a cotton mill for six years, Percival Lowell embarked on extensive travels throughout the Far East, particularly in Japan and Korea. During his time in Japan, he discovered his profound fascination with Asian philosophies, religions, and culture. This newfound interest led him to make a life-altering decision – to travel to Japan to study its culture and language. He authored numerous books on Japanese culture, religion, and psychology.
In 1883, he also served as a foreign secretary and counselor for a special Korean diplomatic mission to the United States. During his time in Japan, Lowell’s interest in astronomical studies continued as he drew inspirations from the observations made by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli.

Entry into Astronomy

Lowell’s interest in astronomy was ignited when he witnessed the transit of Venus in 1874. This event convinced him that there were intricate canal systems on Mars, constructed by an intelligent civilization to combat the planet’s arid conditions. In 1894, he established the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, dedicating the remainder of his life to observing and mapping Mars.

Theories and Publications

Lowell’s observations led him to propose the possibilities of intricate waterways, which he thought were constructed by a highly advanced Martian civilization. He published his theories in books such as “Mars”, “Mars and Its Canals”, and “Mars As the Abode of Life”.

Search for Planet X

Additionally, he speculated about the existence of a ninth planet beyond Neptune, which he named Planet X. He initiated a search for this planet, which led to the discovery of Pluto in 1930, 14 years after his death.

Death and Legacy

Lowell died of a stroke in 1916 at the age of 61.