Richard James

Early Life and Education

Richard Thompson James, born on March 27, 1914, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Slinky, a famous toy of the 20th century, was created by him through an unintentional discovery.
Richard T. James grew up in Pennsylvania and received his early training at Westtown School, a Quaker boarding school in Chester County. His flair for engineering was evident from a younger age. In 1939, he graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a degree in mechanical engineering.

The Accidental Invention

In 1943, James was employed as a naval engineer at the William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company in Philadelphia. His work there involved designing springs to support and steady sensitive equipment on ships in rough waters. One day, he accidentally knocked a torsion spring off a shelf. To his surprise, the spring “walked” in a square from the shelf to the stack of books, to the table, and finally to the floor, where it wrapped itself neatly. That sparked an idea that would change James’ life and the toy industry forever. Seeing the potential of the new toy, James spent the next two years perfecting the spring design.

The Birth of the Slinky

In 1945, Richard T. James and his wife Betty founded James Industries to manufacture new toys. Betty checked a dictionary found the word “slinky,” which means “smooth and graceful in movement.” The first Slinky was made from 80 feet of wire, which was coiled in a 2-inch diameter. Their first show at the Gimbels department store in Philadelphia at Christmas time in 1945 was a huge success. The 400 Slinkies, priced at $1 each, sold out in 90 minutes.

Success and Challenges

James designed machines that could bend 80 feet of steel wire into a slinky in just 10 seconds, allowing for greater productivity. By 1960, James Industries had sold more than 100 million Slinkies worldwide. But with its success came Richard James’ personal challenges. He became deeply involved in an evangelical religious movement, and in 1960 made the surprising decision to leave his family and company to join a religious mission in Bolivia.

Legacy

Even with James absence, Slinky continued to thrive under the leadership of his wife, Betty. She moved the company to Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, and expanded production to include other slinky toys.

Richard James passed away in Bolivia on July 13, 1974, far from the toy industry he established. However, his invention continues to thrive, with over 300 million Slinkies sold globally.

The Slinky had uses beyond mere entertainment, including as a makeshift radio antenna during the Vietnam War and in physics shows. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame, cementing its place in American cultural history.

The story of Richard Thompson James is one of accidental science, reminding us that sometimes the most amazing discoveries come from unexpected sources. His creations continue to delight children and adults alike, even 75 years after he began.