William Marston

Introduction

William Moulton Marston, also known by his pen name Charles Moulton, was an American polymath – a person of wide-ranging knowledge and interests. He excelled as a psychologist, inventor, and writer, but his most famous creation remains the iconic comic book character, Wonder Woman.

Early Life and Education

Born on May 9, 1893, in Saugus, Massachusetts, to Annie Dalton and Frederick William Marston, William Moulton Marston displayed intellectual curiosity from a young age. He thrived at Harvard University, earning a bachelor’s degree in 1915, followed by a law degree (LL.B.) in 1918 and a Ph.D. in psychology in 1921. Interestingly, during his time at Harvard in 1913, he even wrote and sold a script, “The Thief,” to Alice Guy-Blaché, a pioneering female filmmaker.

Professional Career

Marston’s career path was as diverse as his skillset. He began as a university professor, teaching at American University in Washington D.C. and Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. Drawn by the burgeoning film industry, he moved to California in 1929, where he served as Director of Public Services at Universal Studios and continued teaching at the University of Southern California.

Contributions to Psychology and Invention

Marston’s significant contributions lie in the fields of psychology and invention. He developed the systolic blood pressure test, a foundational element for the modern polygraph, a device used to detect deception. While his wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, is acknowledged for her influence and collaboration in his polygraph research during the 1920s, it’s important to note the ongoing debate about the extent of her direct contribution. Marston’s interest in human behavior led him to collaborate with John Augustus Larson, further refining the polygraph’s potential.

Beyond the polygraph, Marston’s 1928 book, “Emotions of Normal People,” explored human behavior and emotions. It introduced his influential DISC theory, which classifies human behavioral styles into four categories: Dominance, Influence, Submission, and Conscientiousness. The DISC theory continues to be used in various contexts, including personality assessments.

The Creation of Wonder Woman

William Moulton Marston wasn’t confined to academia. Recognizing the potential of comics and yearning for a superhero who could inspire readers, particularly young women, he embarked on a writing career. In 1941, Wonder Woman debuted in *All Star Comics* #8. This iconic character became a symbol of strength, empowerment, and independence. Wonder Woman’s backstory and tools – the Lasso of Truth, indestructible bracelets, and bullet-deflecting gauntlets – reflected Marston’s belief in justice and equality.

Feminist Beliefs and Inspiration

Marston’s creation of Wonder Woman was heavily influenced by his strong feminist beliefs and his advocacy for gender equality. He drew inspiration from the powerful women in his life, including his wife, Elizabeth, and his partner, Olive Byrne. His writings and interviews consistently emphasized the importance of empowering women and achieving gender equality.

Legacy and Impact

William Moulton Marston’s life tragically ended on May 2, 1947, at the age of 53 due to cancer. Despite his relatively short career, his contributions to the fields of psychology, invention, and popular culture remain significant. His work on deception detection, human behavior, and comic books left an undeniable mark on society.

The Enduring Legacy of Wonder Woman

Wonder Woman, his most enduring creation, continues to resonate with fans around the world, serving as a testament to his impactful legacy. Her character embodies Marston’s ideals of empowerment, equality, and justice, ensuring his vision remains alive in popular culture.